The origins and social consequences of chinas hukou. Apr 04, 2017 back in chinas metropolises, charting subtle shifts in the hukou system is less essential for the wealthy and younger generations, whose livelihood does not directly depend on the little maroon book. The story behind the biggest migration in human history. Chinese essential documents white books general visa. What are the current restrictions of the chinese hukou. The concept it much like the registration books used in other asian countries. Wang has published seven books two coedited in two languages including organization through division and exclusion.
The chinese hukou system explained what is hukou and how it. Chinas hukou system was introduced in 1958 as a modern means of population registration. Hukou, in chinese, appears as a thin brown book with your. The hukou system, or household registration system, is a system of residence permits unique to china, dating back over 2,000 years. In 1985, the hukou system was manifested through the provision of personal identity cards. The household registration hukou system in china was studied using chinas 1990 census 1% microdata and interprovincial migration studies. Many people agree that the hukou should not be canceled. Travelocity has the best prices on the web for car rentals in hukou county, backed by our price match guarantee. Despite chinas modernization, the hukou system remains.
Rural migrant workers integration into city under the reform. Chinas hukou system, published by stanford university press in 2005. In china they use the hukou system which much like thailand is a registration document. The new exemption stipulates that families, including urban ones, will be permitted to have two children as long as one parent is an only. I weave my canvases and the abstract composition builds as i build the canvas. The legacy of the chinese hukou system may be traced back to the predynastic era, as early as the 21st century bc. He was born in 1981 in beijing, but there isnt a birth certificate he only has the hukou. Under the hukou system, peasants are not allowed to receive social welfare and full citizenship rights in cities due to their rural hukou, and this hereditary system passes on the rural hukou. The hukou system denies farmers the same rights and benefits enjoyed by urban residents. Its functions go far beyond simply controlling population mobility. The hukou system and ruralurban migration in china jstor.
Hukou system, mechanisms, and health stratification across. Page 1 of 2 birth certificate question is certifiedtranslated hukou enough. Hukou is a system of household registration used in mainland china. The hukou has a long history, but today it is really only used to protect populations in big cities the hukou has a long history, but today it is really only used to protect populations in big cities, says hu jiye, a professor of law and finance at china university of political sciences and law in beijing. His most recent book is organizing through division and exclusion. The chinese hukou system explained what is hukou and how. In the book of lord shang, shang yang also described his policy restricting immigrations and emigrations. This system requires every chinese citizen to be officially and constantly registered with the hukou police from birth. Many basic goods used to be allocated by the planned system have. Yesterday we looked briefly at the life of a typical migrant worker, today we will be exploring the limits of the hukou system.
The ministry of public security and 11 other ministries and commissions have drafted reform guidelines for chinas hukou household registration system that, if approved by the central government, will take effect immediately and aim to establish a new hukou system by 2020, huang ming, viceminister of public security, said on dec. The book, by tom miller, is called chinas urban billion. Northern shaanxi province is home to hukou falls national park and the beautiful, historic city of yanan. China introduced the hukou system in 1958 a hukou book was assigned to each household to classify the residents hukou by their place of origin. Chinas hukou system markets, migrants and institutional. It is a tool for social and geographic control that enforces an apartheid structure of rights enforcement. My english is not good enough, sorry to make grammar mistakes. It was set up as a part of the economic and social. Industrialization strategy and the hukou system, 19581983 the system of registering population and households has a long history in china.
How to visit hukou waterfalls china travel tips tour. The hukou army base houses the 542nd armor brigade of the 6th army corps of the republic of china army. Opinions expressed by forbes contributors are their own. Lack of hukou restricts migrants from buying homes, seeing doctors and sending. Dismantling the hukou system would remove the biggest obstacle to chinas official goal of accelerating urbanisation, but it is opposed by city governments that do not want to pay the bill for a. In columns 1 and 2 of table 3, hk15 is used to capture the urban hukou effect while, in columns 3 and 4, hkage replaces it. There is more to shaanxi province than xian and the terracotta army. This research provides a comprehensive investigation of how the intersection of rural\urban residence and rural\urban household registration hukou status is associated with a range of health. Travelocity has the best prices on the web for car rentals in hukou, backed by our price match guarantee. A household registration record officially identifies a person as a resident of an area and includes identifying information such as name, parents, spouse, and date of birth. By sunday afternoon, the announcement was shared over 12,000 times and discussed by thousands of people. Two early models of the hukou system were the xiangsui and baojia systems. China is speeding up hukou reform, but that wont be enough to solve the migrant worker problem.
In the postwar period, the book was used as a means to ration food and allocate jobs under the then planned economy. Hukou system in china posted on june 10, 2006 by jian shuo wang it is not easy to realize how strange it is when you live in an existing system, but when you have the chance to talk with people from other countries, you realize the huge difference. Chinas hukou system hukou zhidu household registration system or huji zhidu. Some hotels may boast fitness rooms and spa services, while others feature game rooms and wifi access. To top it all off, youll score cheap hotels in hukou that let you spend more on your activities and less on your lodging. When the yellow river flows to this point, divides into two, rolling and roaring on and on from both sides of the rock before reconverging. Rural migrant workers integration into city under the. In fact, the hukou book was the foundation used to calculate taxes by a variety of dynasties. It describes the functions, impact, and operational mechanisms of. I guess an urban hukou is better than a rural one, though i dont really know the difference between the two, admits mia long, a 24year. Traveling to hukou county and you need a way to get around. Introduction chinas new premier, li keqiang, is wellknown for being a strong advocate of urbanization. Table 5 qualifications for the blue stamp urban hukou. In taiwan, this system operates mostly as census tool, providing demographic information about residents in each region.
For example, if someone in a family passed the national exam and became a scholar, everyone in his family would no longer have to pay taxes. Markets, migrants and institutional change jason young on amazon. This is my first answer in quora after finding it not in list of gfw. Chinas hukou system is a family registration program that serves as a domestic passport, regulating population distribution and ruraltourban migration. It is advisable to book a car or van in advance through a local travel agent or car rental company. In china however, the hukou system is used to actively limit where a. Nov 08, 20 the hukou restrictions are the biggest barrier to integrating into chinas cities more than 260m migrant workers. The hukou system and ruralurban migration in china. Jan 17, 2019 in this article, we look at how the hukou system works in china, and why employers should seek to understand them.
The hukou system categorizes each chinese citizen as either an agricultural rural hukou holder or a nonagricultural urban hukou holder. The hukou registration information with both hukou status hukou leibie and residential location hukou suozaidi is listed in the hukou book, and this book is kept by every household. Kam wing chan hukou, a system of residency permits, was used by the communist party beginning in 1958 to minimize the movement of people between rural and urban areas. In the pre1949 era, the system was used primarily for collecting vital statistics, which were needed for tax collection and conscription purposes. Under the leadership of mao zedong, one of the governments goals was to create economic stability between the countrys large rural farming population and. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques. But it takes 2 photos, her idcard, her hukou book and 800 rmb mostly for the bribes, i think, not for the actual work and of course she have to go all the way back to her hometown to get it. Hukou is a kind of residence registration and there are two types of hukou. Apr 03, 2014 according to official statistics chinas urbanization rate was 52. It was set up as a part of the economic and social reforms of the initial years of the communist regime. The hukou household registration system chinese studies.
Using rich new materials, this book traces the history and development of the hukou system. Also according to a report from renmin ribao, in the first half of july 1992, henan province sold more than 40,000 urban hukou books, with sale prices ranging from 6,000 to 30,000 yuan per book. New hukou rules introduced by local governments in chinas largest cities, such as beijing, shanghai, guangzhou, and shenzhen, as well as chengdu, wuhan, and xi an, make it tough for migrant. China reforms hukou system to improve migrant workers. Well, sorry, all the other answers i saw here are wrong. Chinas hukou system of population registration has long been, and remains today, the. Hukou, a system of residency permits, was used by the communist party beginning in 1958 to minimize the movement of people between rural and urban areas. China applying for mainland resident taiwan travel permit lu bao zheng abroad.
The surprise is that the hukou system still exists today despite the stunning changes that have taken place in china over the past few decades. Birth certificate question is certifiedtranslated hukou. The hukou book, which records attributes of a household, has been dubbed chinas no. Hukou had an estimated population of 77,908 in december 2019. The chinese system is more elaborate as it is used for influx control into the major cities in china. The system is recognized by some scholars as the major institutional pillar. The estimated coefficients associated with education and work experience, as well as its squared term, are all statistically significant and have signs consistent with the prediction from human capital theory. Chinas hukou reforms and the urbanization challenge the. Jun 22, 2018 chinas hukou system was introduced in 1958 as a modern means of population registration. The household registration book, ho khau in vietnamese, has been in effect since the 1960s as an instrument of public security, economic planning, and control of migration, similarly to chinas hukou. Chinas hukou system puts migrant workers at severe economic disadvantage.
With the introduction of a nationwide state monopoly and rationing system for grain in 1955, citizens living in the urban areas and engaged in nonagricultural activities at that time were classified as nonagricultural feinongye hukou population. When the hukou system was first restored in 1951, it was primarily used for. Household registration books to be scrapped by 2020. Chinas hukou system puts migrant workers at severe economic. Jason young shows how these new forces have been received by the state and documents the process of change and the importance of chinas hukou system.
How to get chinese birth certificate cant obtain birth. While preping the documents for step one, submitting the i application here in bejing, im a bit confused about the birth certificate for my chinese husband. Cheng has used the term hukoucentered strategy to describe the chinese approach. The discrepancy is caused by at least 250,000,000 peasants without urban hukou status living in urban areas, the socalled floating population. In its early forms, the household registration system was used primarily for the purposes of taxation and conscription, as well as regulating migration. Apr 29, 2016 the reform of the housing registration, or hukou system, has been under way in most regions in china following the state councils call to establish a unified household registration system for.
Hukou status rural agricultural or urban nonagricultural hukou, is used by the governement to distribute state subsidized goods and other privileges. Traveling to hukou and you need a way to get around. Weaving has an incredible history that is tied to everything i make. Applying for mainland resident taiwan travel permit lu. Why does china have a hukou system for its citizens.
Chinas internal passport the communist party came to power in china in 1949. The chinese hukou system explained what is hukou and. The updated hukou information is based on eight main categories. It is impossible to discuss the issue of migrant workers without understand what exactly a hukou is. Hukou is a system of household registration in mainland china and taiwan, although the system itself is more properly called huji, and has origins in ancient china. Feb 20, 2015 well, sorry, all the other answers i saw here are wrong. Its not a single page identification card, but a book of eve. Notarial certificate of birth most confusion with the chinese notarial documents is with the notarial certificate of birth.
Nov 26, 2019 chinas hukou system is a family registration program that serves as a domestic passport, regulating population distribution and ruraltourban migration. The impact of the hukou system on migrants job accessibility and commuting costs in beijing. Under the leadership of mao zedong, one of the governments goals was to create economic stability between the countrys large rural farming population and the growing urban areas. Whether youre looking for a compact car or large truck, we have the perfect car for you. The hukou is the household registry which contains the information used to produce the white books. A migrant in south china, where kam wing chan lived as a child, looks for a job. Personally, i dont know how much for a return taxi ride from xian to hukou waterfall. In fact, the hukou system is one of the major tools of social control employed by the state. Dec 11, 2016 it is pretty much similar to the passportvisa system to restrict people migrating from one place to another. If you are getting married in china, see getting married in china documents to bring to interview the hukou is the household registry which contains the information used to produce the white books. Table 5 qualifications for the blue stamp urban hukou areas covered from cchu 9002 at the university of hong kong. Within the huji system, a hukou is the registered residency status of a particular individual in this system.
This book is the first comprehensive examination of chinas hukou household registration system. Markets, migrants and institutional change young, jason on. By 2010, 260 million citizens were living outside of their permanent hukou location, a major challenge to the constrictive maoera system of migration and settlement planning. His account of the hukou system in china is detailed, full of stories that seem authenticand harrowing. I started with handlooms, and the first time i used a floor loom which is what i still make most of my work on was in college. However, the term hukou is used colloquially to refer to the entire system, and it has been adopted by englishlanguage audiences to refer to both the huji system and an individuals hukou. In the middle of the river, about 3,000 m 9,843 ft from the hukou waterfall, an enormous rock catches the attention of visitors. China has had a hukou system for at least a couple thousand years, mostly, to keep track of who was in. It identifies a person as a resident of a particular area of the country and includes basic information such as date of birth and marital status. The prices for agricultural products were also deliberately kept low to subsidize the cost of living and production in cities. China introduced the hukou system in 1958 a hukou book was assigned to each household to classify the residents hukou by their place of. Chinas hukou reforms and the urbanization challenge.
In the early 1990s then a student at peking university and a rising star in the party he wrote his. Jul 14, 2017 the hukou system is a governmental household registration system. China reforms hukou system to improve migrant workers rights this article is more than 5 years old removal of distinction between urban and rural residents should help migrant workers access. Without urban hukou they cannot equally benefit from urban amenities such as. In this article, we look at how the hukou system works in china, and why employers should seek to understand them.
181 99 1390 904 390 1621 823 64 1233 502 1226 1256 411 1061 1558 177 1549 39 1275 1537 1224 718 475 326 1325 178 1539 1132 991 1188 167 1000 606 1118 447 878